Case Details
Mr. Kunal Jiwarajka Vs Axix Bank Ltd
Case Details
| Commercial Suit | |
| 103786/2020 | |
| 100321/2021 | |
| 07-06-2020 | |
| 06-05-2021 |
| 07th June 2021 | |
| 09th March 2022 | |
| Case Disposed | |
| 31-Court 31 Addl Sessions Judge; | |
| Uncontested--Plaint Rejected; |
Petitioners & Respondents
Mr. Kunal Jiwarajka, Mrs. Laxmi Devi Jiwarajka, Mrs. Sakshi Jiwarajka, ;
Mr. Kunal Jiwarajka, Mrs. Laxmi Devi Jiwarajka, Mrs. Sakshi Jiwarajka Show Less
Ms. Megha S. Gupta;
Ms. Megha S. Gupta;
Union Bank Of India, Axix Bank Ltd, Bank Of Baroda (Erstwhile Vijaya Bank), Hdfc Bank, Indusind Bank Show more..
Union Bank Of India, Axix Bank Ltd, Bank Of Baroda (Erstwhile Vijaya Bank), Hdfc Bank, Indusind Bank Ltd, Dbs Bank, Saraswat CoOp. Bank, South India Bank, State Bank Of India , Rbl Bank Ltd Show Less
No Adv Found;
No Adv Found;
Order Details
Order Details
Order not found.
Final Order Judgement
| 09-03-2022 | |
| N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 1 Order. MHCC010098422021 Presented on : 29-11-2021 Registered on : 29-11-2021 Decided on : 09-03-2022 Duration : 0 years, 3 months, 10 days IN THE BOMBAY CITY CIVIL COURT AT BOMBAY. NOTICE OF MOTION NO. 3015 OF 2021 IN COMMERCIAL SUIT NO. 321 OF 2021 RBL Bank Ltd. ...Applicant (Defendant No.10) IN THE MATTER BETWEEN: Mr. Kunal Jiwarjika and others ...Plaintiffs Versus Union Bank Of India and others ...Defendants CORAM : HIS HONOUR JUDGE SHRI R.R.BHAGWAT. (COURT ROOM NO.31). DATE : 9th MARCH, 2022. Mr. Sahil Sayyed, Advocate for defendant no.10. Mr. Jamshed Ansari, Advocate for defendant nos.1 to 9. Mr. Prakhar Tandon, Advocate for the plaintiff. ORDER 1. Defendant no.10 has taken out present notice of motion for rejection of the plaint under Order VII Rule 11(a) and (d) of the Civil Procedure Code (for short, 'the Code'). Perused notice of motion and affidavit in reply filed by the plaintiffs. I have gone through the suit N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 2 Order. proceeding. Heard learned counsel Sahil Sayyed for defendant no.10, learned counsel Jamshed Ansari for defendants no.1 to 9 and learned counsel Prakhar Tandon for the plaintiffs. 2. Learned counsel Sahil Sayyed referred contents in the plaint and submitted that plaintiff no.1 is the Director of M/s. JSK Marketing Limited (for short, ‘the company’). Plaintiffs no.2 and 3 are the former directors of the company and they have resigned from their post on 31/03/2019. Board of Directors of the company is suspended in view of admission of an application under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (for short, 'the IB Code'). The company had availed various facilities including loan and multiple banking limit from the consortium of banks (the defendants). The plaintiffs had furnished guarantee in favour of the defendants for the loan obtained by the company from the banks. They also furnished collateral securities and guarantees to the defendant against the credit facilities granted to the company by the defendants. By pointing out all these aspects pleaded in the plaint, he further submitted that the defendants had conducted forensic audit of the company since mid August2019. As the company was irregular in payment of dues, the company's accounts started to be classified as 'NPA' by the defendants from 21/05/2019 onwards. It is case of the plaintiffs that the defendants declared the account of the plaintiffs as fraud / willful defaulter as pleaded in para 32 of the plaint. For this purpose, the plaintiffs have relied upon letter dated 16/03/2020 (Exh.I annexed with the plaint) received from Union Bank (defendant no.1) in response to plaintiff no.1's letter dated 03/03/2020. Body of the letter (Exh.I) reads as, “With reference to your letter dated 3rd March, 2020 regarding declaration of loan account of JSK Marketing Limited as fraud/Wilful N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 3 Order. defaulter. The step has been taken according to RBI Master Direction on frauds.” On the basis of this letter dated 16/03/2020, the plaintiffs claimed violation of principles of natural justice while declaring the company's account as a 'fraud'. They sought relief of declaration that the plaintiffs are not 'Fraud' within the meaning of the expression as defined in the RBI Guidelines dated 01/07/2015. They further sought declaration that the declaration of account of plaintiffs as 'Fraud' by defendant and all consequent actions are illegal, null and void. They have also sought one more similar declaration and a relief of permanent injunction. 3. After pointing out pleadings in the plaint and documents relied by the plaintiffs, learned counsel Sahil Sayyad submitted that accounts of the plaintiffs are not at all declared as 'Fraud'. No cause of action arose to seek reliefs against the defendants. He further read out Section 17 and 231 of the IB Code and submitted that no civil court has jurisdiction in respect of any matter in which the adjudicating authority is empowered by or under this Code to pass any order and no injunction shall be granted by any court. According to him, NCLT, Mumbai has jurisdiction as an adjudicating authority for corporate persons as per Section 60 of the IB Code. He further stated that the powers of the Board of Directors or the partners of the corporate debtor shall stand suspended from the date of appointment of interim resolution professional as per Section 17 of the IB Code. He also relied upon the case of Bank of India V/s. Gupta Coal India Private Limited, Nagpur and another (Civil Revision Application No. 97/2017 decided by Hon'ble Bombay High Court Bench at Nagpur on 04/09/2018). In the said case, Hon'ble Bombay High Court considered the aspect of seeking declaration in a suit filed by the company that in view of N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 4 Order. various guidelines of the RBI Master Circulars, its account has been declared as 'Fraud Account' without following the due procedure and in breach of principles of natural justice. While addressing the issue of maintainability of the suit either in the ordinary civil court or commercial court, it is observed in ending portion of para 10 of the order that in the light of the challenge as raised, it would be the civil court that would retain jurisdiction to entertain the suit. Learned counsel Sahil Sayyed submitted that as there is no cause of action and the suit proceedings is also barred by provisions of the IB Code, he prayed for rejection of the plaint. 4. Learned counsel Jamshed Ansari for defendants no.1 to 9 supported the contentions of learned counsel Sahil Sayyed. He made addition in it by stating that there is no reference of declaration of fraud in the letter dated 16/03/2020 (Exh.I annexed with the plaint) and the suit is premature. He also prayed for rejection of the plaint. 5. Learned counsel Prakhar Tandon for the plaintiffs submitted that all these aspects were raised and considered by the Court at the time of deciding Notice of Motion No. 1233/2020 filed by the plaintiffs for interim reliefs. He referred para 21 and 22 in order dated 29/09/2020 passed in Notice of Motion No. 1233/2020 (for short, 'the said order') and submitted that the plaintiffs are Directors as well as guarantors of the company for loan amount granted by the defendants to the company. He further referred observations in para 19 and 20 of the said order in which the Court had opined that the plaintiffs have right to challenge any action taken by the defendants and the present suit and notice of motion were not premature and the cause of action arose for filing the present suit. He further submitted that N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 5 Order. Section 231 of the IB Code does not debar suspended Directors or guarantors from approaching the Court as per observations in Para 28 of the said order. The said order is not stayed. He referred RBI Circular and submitted that investigation has to be done while declaring account of corporate debtor as a 'Fraud'. He further submitted that look out circular is issued against the plaintiffs and consequences will affect the plaintiffs. According to him, citation of Gupta Coal (referred above) is not applicable to the case in hand. The account is red flagged and it directly affects the plaintiffs and therefore, they are entitled to seek reliefs. Present notice of motion is filed to prevent the plaintiffs from going outside India and to prolong the proceedings in the suit. He relied upon concluding portion in para 5 in the case of Fenner (India) Ltd. V/s. Punjab And Sind Bank (1997) 7 Supreme Court Cases 89 in which it is observed at the end that, “Shri Vishwanatha Iyer further contends that the seller was not made a party to the suit and therefore, the suit is bad for nonjoinder of seller as he is a necessary and proper party. We find no force in the contention. Admittedly, issue of nonjoinder was tried as the preliminary issue and was negatived and on revision the High Court had confirmed the same. Section 11 of the CPC envisaging the principles of res judicata stands in the way of the respondent.” 6. Learned counsel Prakhar Tandon further relied upon observations of Hon'ble Supreme court in the case of Pralhad Singh V/s. Col. Sukhdev Singh (1987) 1 Supreme Court Cases 727. In this citation, observations in Satyadhyan Ghosal V/s. Deorajin Debi AIR 1960 SC 941 are referred which reads as, “The principle of res judicata applied also as between two stages in the same litigation to this extent that a Court, whether the trial court or a higher court having at an earlier stage decided a matter in one way will not allow the parties to reagitate N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 6 Order. the matter again at a subsequent stage of the same proceeding.” After quoting these observations in Satyadhyan Ghosal’s case, Hon’ble Supreme Court observed in concluding part of the judgment as, “ It was however clarified that it did not mean that because at an earlier stage of the litigation a court has decided an interlocutory matter in one way and no appeal has been taken therefrom or no appeal did lie, a higher court cannot at a later stage of the same litigation consider the matter again. We are not also concerned here with orders of an interlocutory nature such as orders granting temporary injunction, appointing receiver etc. which do not purport to decide the rights of the parties finally. In the present case, in the proceeding to set aside an ex parte order, the court recorded an express finding that the landlord had agreed to withdraw the suit and receive the rent from the tenant. That was a finding which was binding on the landlord at later stages of the proceeding. He could have questioned the finding before the appellate authority and the High Court in the appeals preferred by the tenant. He did not choose to do so. In fact he could not do so as he had earlier thought it prudent not to enter the witness box though he put the question in issue in the proceeding to set aside the ex parte order by contesting the statement of the tenant. In the circumstances, we allow the appeal, set aside the judgments of the High Court and subordinate tribunals and dismiss the petition for eviction.” 7. Learned counsel Prakhar Tandon also relied upon the case of Arjun Singh V/s. Mohindra Kumar & Ors AIR 1964 SC 993 in which it is observed in para 14 that the principle underlying the distinction between the rule of res judicata and rejection on the ground that no new facts have been adduced to justify a different order is vital. If the principle of res judicata is applicable to the decision on a N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 7 Order. particular issue of fact, even if fresh facts were placed before the Court, the bar would continue to operate and preclude a fresh investigation of the issue. He also relied upon para 11 in the case of U.P. State Road Transport Corporation V/s. State of U.P. & another (2005) 1 Supreme Court Cases 444 in which observations in Satyadhyan Ghosal's case (cited supra) are reiterated on the point of principle of res judicata. With the help of these four citations, learned counsel Prakhar Tandon submitted that all issues raised by defendant no.10 in the present notice of motion have been dealt with by this Court while deciding Notice of Motion No. 1233/2020 and it works as a res judicata. 8. Learned counsel Prakhar Tandon also relied upon the citation of Rajesh Agarwal V/s. Reserve Bank of India AIR 2021 TS 50 decided by Hon'ble High Court of Telangana. In the said citation, Hon'ble Telangana High Court considered the aspect of violation of principles of natural justice while treating the account as fraud as per RBI guidelines and directed the respondent banks (a Joint Lenders Forum) to give an opportunity of hearing to the petitioner. With the help of this citation, he submitted that notice of motion is liable to be rejected. 9. After considering rival submissions and material on record, it is necessary to keep in mind that aspect of rejection of the plaint can be considered in the light of contents in the plaint and nothing beyond it can be pondered over. Plaintiffs have specifically pleaded in the plaint that they are suspended directors or former directors of the company. They have furnished details of the company in para 14 of the plaint. The plaintiffs are also guarantors of the company for loans obtained for the defendants and they have furnished collateral N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 8 Order. securities. They are aggrieved with response of defendant no.1 given to their letter on 16/03/2020 (Exh.I annexed with the plaint). Contents in Exh.I reveals that plaintiff no.1 had asked about declaration of loan account of the company as 'Fraud/Wilful Defaulter'. It is written in the letter (Exh.I) that the step has been taken according to RBI Master directions on frauds. Exh.I is the letter providing cause of action to the plaintiffs for filing the present suit as enumerated in para 25 of the plaint. They have continued to agitate their grievance to declaration of the company's account as fraud in para 28 of the plaint. In short, Exh.I is the only document providing basis to the plaintiffs for filing the present suit. If contents in Exh.I are read as a whole, alleged action has been taken in respect of the company's account. There is nothing on record to show that the defendants had taken any action regarding the plaintiffs’ accounts and they have been declared as a fraud. Even then, the plaintiffs proceeded to seek declaration in respect of their account. In short, pleadings in the plaint does not provide any cause of action to file the suit against the defendants for seeking declaratory relief in respect of the plaintiffs’ account. There is no scope to get confused between the plaintiffs’ account and the company’s account. The plaintiffs are not directors of the company on the date of filing of the suit. They have not made the company party to the suit. They have not pleaded anywhere that they have filed the suit in the representative capacity on behalf of the company. While raising objection to declaration of the company's account as a 'Fraud', the plaintiffs took complete 'U' turn and sought declaration in respect of their own account. While seeking such declaration, details of the plaintiffs’ account are neither pleaded in body of the plaint nor mentioned in the prayer clause of the plaint. There is total absence of relation between pleadings and prayer clauses in the plaint. The plaintiffs could not N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 9 Order. explain as to how action in relation to the company’s account provide basis to seek declaration regarding their account. There is utter absence of cause of action to file the present suit. 10. The plaintiffs have mentioned in para 4 of the plaint that the financial creditors of the company approached the NCLT Mumbai on 16/04/2019 and filed a petition under Section 7 of the IB Code and it has been admitted as per order dated 23/09/2019 appointing IRP (Interim Resolution Professional). The plaintiff has placed on record copy of the order in the said petition passed on 23/09/2019 as Exh.D. It is natural corollary of the said action that the powers of the Board of Directors stand suspended by virtue of Section 17 of the IB Code. In addition to it, bar under Section 231 of the IB Code comes into operation and the civil court lacks jurisdiction to deal with the matters which are subjudice before NCLT. In such circumstances, the plaintiffs proceeded to file the suit in their individual capacity seeking declarations in respect of their individual bank accounts without furnishing the details of the same. In order to form basis to their prayers in the plaint, they took shelter of the letter of defendant no.1 dated 16/03/2020 (Exh.I) which is not at all connected with them. Learned counsel Shri Prakhar Tandon has given much stress on ultimate effect of declaration regarding company's account as a 'Fraud'. According to him, the plaintiffs are the indirect sufferers of the said action. This submission of learned counsel Prakhar Tandon is not tenable to justify inherent flaws in the plaint. It is for the reason that liabilities of the plaintiffs in relation to the company’s loan taken from the defendants are fixed on the day when they signed relevant agreements as guarantors and executed the securities. Now, liability to pay loan amount by the plaintiffs arises immediately after default is N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 10 Order. committed by the company in payment of dues to the defendants. Declaration of the company’s account as a “Fraud” does not bring fluctuation in contractual liabilities of the plaintiffs as guarantors of the company. Liabilities of the plaintiff do not increase or decrease by virtue of declaration of the company’s account as a “Fraud” and the same are controlled by the clauses in the agreement and documents executed by them in favour of the defendants. The plaintiffs cannot be permitted to cross the circumference of their contractual liabilities by pointing finger at the action taken by the defendants in respect of the company’s account. Therefore, there is no force in the submission of learned counsel Prakhar Tandon regarding maintainability of the suit. 11. Learned counsel Shri Prakhar Tandon for the plaintiff has referred total four citations on the point of principles of res judicata. I have gone through all those citations. In none of these citations, observations made while passing interlocutory order in the form of interim relief were taken as preventing the court from taking contrary stand by applying principle of res judicata. On the contrary, Hon'ble Supreme Court has clarified in the case of Pralhad Singh (cited supra) that they are not also concerned with orders of an interlocutory nature such as orders granting temporary injunction, appointing Receiver etc. which do not purport to decide the rights of the parties finally. Similarly, Hon’ble Supreme Court has clarified in para 14 in Arjun Singh’s case (cited supra) while addressing the issue of dismissal of application under Order IX Rule 13 of the Code by applying principle of res judicata that as orders of stay, injunction or receiver do not impinge upon the legal rights of parties to the litigation, the principle of res judicata does not apply to the findings on which these orders are based, though if applications are made for relief on the same basis after the N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 11 Order. same has once been disposed of the court would be justified in rejecting the same as an abuse of the process of court. In short, citations relied by the plaintiff on the point of principle of res judicata are in quite different context and they are not applicable to facts of the present case. If requirements of Section 11 of the CPC are read in the context of order granting interim relief, there is no scope to rely upon prima facie observations made in the said order as a factor preventing the Court from entertaining the grounds raised in the present notice of motion. The plaint is liable to be rejected considering apparent absence of cause of action to file the suit and express bar under Section 231 of the IB Code. While rejecting the plaint, pending Notion of Motion No.2770/2021 filed by the plaintiff is also liable to be disposed off. Hence, I pass the following order : ORDER 1. Notice of Motion No. 3015/2021 is made absolute in terms of prayer clause (a). 2. The plaint is rejected as per Order VII Rule 11(a) and (d) of the Civil Procedure Code. 3. N/m No. 2770/2021 is disposed off having become infructuous due to rejection of the plaint. 4. The proceedings of N/m No. 3015/21 and N/m No. 2770/21 are closed. (R.R.BHAGWAT) Judge, City Civil Court, Date : 09/03/2022. Mumbai. 1. Dictated online on : 08 & 09/03/2022. 2. Corrected on : 10/03/2022. 3. Signed on : 10/03/2022. 4. Delivered to Certified : Copy Section on N/m No. 3015/21 in Comm. Suit No. 321/21. 12 Order. “CERTIFIED TO BE TRUE AND CORRECT COPY OF THE ORIGINAL SIGNED JUDGMENT/ORDER” UPLOAD DATE AND TIME NAME OF STENOGRAPHER 10/03/2022. 12.20 p.m. Miss M.A.Kulkarni. Name of the Judge (with Court Room no.) HHJ Shri R.R.Bhagwat. (Court Room No.31). Date of Pronouncement of Judgment/Order 09/03/2022. Judgment/Order signed by P.O. on 10/03/2022. Judgment/Order uploaded on 10/03/2022. 2022-03-10T12:22:52+0530 RAVIKIRAN RAMKRISHNA BHAGWAT |
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Frequently Asked Questions
The Petitioner in case Mr. Kunal Jiwarajka vs Axix Bank Ltd is Mr. Kunal Jiwarajka and 3 more.
The Respondent in case Mr. Kunal Jiwarajka vs Axix Bank Ltd is Axix Bank Ltd and 10 more.
The case against Axix Bank Ltdwas filed on 07-06-2020 by Mr. Kunal Jiwarajka.
The status of case Mr. Kunal Jiwarajka against Axix Bank Ltd is Case Disposed.